ABSTRACT
In order to clarify the chemical constituents in Qiliqiangxin capsule, a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS(E)) method was established. Forty peaks were identified on line using this method. The herbal sources of these peaks were assigned. The results implied that triterpenoid saponins, flavonoid glycosides, C21-steroids and phenolic acids were included in the main components of Qiliqiangxin capsule. The method is simple and rapid for elucidation of the constituents of Qiliqiangxin capsule and the results are useful for the quality control of Qiliqiangxin capsule.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of apoptosis in radiation-induced mouse thymus lymphocyte damage and repair and provide the basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of radiation-induced lymphocyte damage and repair as well as the prevention and treatment of acute radiation sickness.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We studied the dynamic changes of apoptosis of mouse thymus lymphocytes and the expression of bax and bcl-2 gene products after 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy of whole body gamma-irradiation using in situ terminal labeling, DNA electrophoresis and immunohistochemical techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the early stage after irradiation, the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes increased rapidly in accordance with the increasing of radiation doses, while the counts of the thymus and peripheral lymphocytes decreased sharply, showing an opposite change to lymphocyte apoptosis. After 6 Gy gamma-irradiation, typical morphological characteristics of thymus apoptotic lymphocytes in early, middle and late stages were found by transmission electron microscopy. The thymus lymphocytes displayed characteristic DNA ladders 4 hr and 8 hr after 2-6 Gy gamma-irradiation,using DNA gel electrophoresis techniques. Abnormal expression of bcl-2 and bax gene products were shown in irradiated lymphocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Apoptosis plays an important role in the process of radiation-induced mouse thymus lymphocyte damage and repair. Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may regulate the process of lymphocyte apoptosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Apoptosis , Radiation Effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Gamma Rays , Lymphocytes , Physiology , Radiation Effects , Proto-Oncogene Proteins , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Thymus Gland , Pathology , Radiation Effects , Time Factors , bcl-2-Associated X ProteinABSTRACT
Objective To find the microorganisms which hydrolyze sugar residues of steroidal saponins at C-3 position and to obtain their glucosyl-derivatives.Methods The enzymes secreted by fermentation of Curvularia lunata((3.438 1)) in the culture medium were employed to transform polyphyllin Ⅴ(compound Ⅰ) and polyphyllin Ⅵ(compound Ⅱ).The products were separated by means of chromatography on C_(18) column and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analyses.Results Compounds Ⅰ and Ⅱ could be transformed by C.lunata((3.438 1)) and the main products were identified as diosgenin-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside,named trillin(compound Ⅲ) and pennogenin-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(compound Ⅳ),respectively.Conclusion The terminal rhamnosyls of polyphyllin Ⅴ and polyphyllin Ⅵ at C-3 position could be hydrolyzed selectively by C.lunata((3.438 1)) for the first time.